3 


vvv/  : 


RKELEY 

iRARY 

/ERSITY  OF 


ICES 
RY 


$A 


LIBRARY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


Accessions 


Shelf  No. 


TABLES 


DETERMINATION  OF  MINERALS 


ARRANGED  FOR  THE  STUDENTS  OF  THE 


SCHOOL    OF    MINES 


COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 


THOMAS    EGLESTON,    Pu.  D,, 
\\ 

I'rofcsxor  of  Mineralogy  and  Metallurgy. 

FIFTH  KDIT10X. 


NEW   YORK: 

1886 


EARTH 

SCIENCES 

LIBRA** 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  j-car  187u,  by 

THOMAS  EGLESTON, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  tb« 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


GKEGOKY  Bitou.,  113  SIXTH  AVE.,  N.  Y. 


CONTENTS. 


CONTENTS, in 

INTRODUCTION, v 

CLASSIFICATION  OP  THE  SPECIES  ACCORDING  TO  CRYSTALLINE  FORM,  .  YI 
CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES  ACCORDING  TO  HARDNESS,  ....  vin 
CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES  ACCORDING  TO  SPECIFIC  GRAVITY,  x 

CLASSIFICATION  CF  THE  SPECIES  (SYSTEMATIC  ARRANGEMENT),       .      .      .     xni 

SYSTEMS  OF  CRYSTALLIZATION, xv 

SCALE  OF  HARDNESS, • XT 

SCALE  OF  FUSIBILITY, xvi 

TABLES, :  page  1 

APPENDIX, page  25 

INQEX, page  26 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  following  tables  have  been  arranged  for  the  use  of  the  students  of 
the  School  of  Mines.  They  have  been  condensed  from  the  lectures  and  are 
intended  to  familiarize  the  student  with  the  principal  characteristics  of 
minerals,  so  that  by  the  aid  of  two  or  three  questions,  relating  to  the  opera- 
tions they  would  be  obliged  to  perform  in  the  field,  a  mineral  can  be  deter- 
mined. They  have  been  used  with  marked  success  in  tlu>  piuetieal  study  of 
mineralogy  since  1867. 

T.  EGLESTON. 

SCHOOL  OF  MINES,  1886. 


1                                                                                                                                         I 

CLASSIFICATION  OF    THE  SPECIES 

ACCORDING     TO 

CRYSTALLINE      FORM. 

ISOMETKIC. 

Diamond, 

Kalinite, 

Ullmannite, 

Tennantite, 

Garnet, 

Iron, 

Sphalerite, 

Tetrahedrite, 

Lapis  Lazuli, 

Magnetite, 

Lead, 

Mercury, 

Hauynite, 

Franklinite, 

Galenite, 

Silver, 

Leucite, 

Pyrite, 

Clausthalite, 

Amalgam, 

Analcite, 

Pharmacoeiderite, 

Arsenolite, 

Argentite, 

Halite, 

Chromite, 

Senarmontite, 

Cerargyrite, 

Sal  Ammoniac, 

Alabandite, 

Uraninite, 

Bromyrite, 

Fluorite, 

Linnaeite, 

Copper, 

Embolite, 

Boracite, 

Smaltite, 

Cuprite, 

Gold, 

Spinel, 

Cobaltite, 

Bornite, 

Platinum. 

TETRAGONAL. 

Zircon, 

Scheelite, 

Stannite, 

Wulfenite, 

Vesuvianite, 

Braunite, 

Rutile, 

Torbernite, 

Wernerite, 

Hausmannite, 

Octahedrite, 

Chalcopyrite, 

Apophyllite, 

Cassiterite, 

Stolzite, 

Calomel. 

OKTHORHOMBIC. 

Sulphur, 

Staurolite, 

Aphthitalite, 

Aragonite, 

Chrysolite, 

Calaniine, 

Thenardite, 

Epsomite, 

lolite, 

Prehnite, 

Mascagnite, 

Diaspore, 

Muscovite, 

Natrolite, 

Barite, 

Wavellite, 

Lepidolite, 

Stilbite, 

Witherite, 

Chrysoberyl, 

Chondrodite, 

Talc, 

Celestite, 

Goethite. 

Andalusite, 

Serpentine, 

Strontianite, 

Marcasite, 

Topaz, 

Nitre, 

Anhydrite, 

Leucopyrite, 

> 

DETERMINATIVE    MIXER ALOGY. 


Vll 


Arsenopyrite, 

Goslarite, 

Orpiment, 

Brochantite, 

Scorodite, 

Brookite, 

Valentinite, 

Atacamite, 

Columbite, 

Bournonite, 

Stibnite, 

Libethenite, 

Wolframite, 

Anglesite, 

Autunite, 

Olivenite, 

Pyrolusite, 

Cerussite, 

Molybdite, 

Stephanite, 

Manganite, 

Bismuthinite, 

Chalcosite, 

Polybasite. 

Triplite, 

Aikenite,                 1  Enargite, 

Hessite. 

MONOCLINIC. 

Wollastonite, 

Datolite, 

Natron, 

Erythrite, 

Pyroxene, 

Titanite, 

Barytocalcite, 

Annabergite, 

Spodumene, 

Pectolite, 

Gypsum, 

Crocoite, 

Petalite, 

Laumontite, 

Pharmacolite, 

Realgar, 

Ainphibole, 

Harmotome, 

Alunogen, 

Kermesite, 

Epidote, 

Heulandite, 

Melanterite, 

Liroconite. 

Orthoclase, 

Glaubcrite, 

Yivianite, 

Malachite, 

Fibrolite, 

Mirabilite, 

Bieberite, 

Azurite. 

Euclase, 

Borax, 

^^ET?^i 

TE  1C  LIN  1C. 

Sassolite, 

Labradorite, 

Albite, 

™, 

Rhodonite, 

Oligoclase, 

Cyanite, 

Chal&&Lt$tjt      O^r, 

Anorthite, 

| 

HEXAGONAL.         Vanadinite>                 | 

Water, 

Chabazite, 

Pyrrhotite, 

Bismuth, 

Tellurium, 

Prochlorite, 

Copiapite, 

Tetradymite, 

Graphite, 

Soda  Nitre, 

Siderite, 

Arsenic, 

Quartz, 

Apatite, 

Menaccanite, 

Antimony, 

Beryl, 

Calcite, 

Rhodochrosite, 

Molybdenite, 

Willemite, 

Dolomite, 

Millerite, 

Cinnabar, 

Phenacite, 

Brucite, 

Niccolite, 

Pronstite, 

Biotite, 

Magnesite, 

Zincite, 

Pyrargyrite, 

Nephelite, 

Corundum, 

Smithsonite, 

lodyrite, 

Tourmaline, 

Alunite, 

Pyromorphite, 

Iridosmine. 

Dioptase, 

Hematite, 

Mimetite, 

AMORPHOUS. 

Carbonic  Acid, 

Sepiolite, 

Arseniosiderite, 

Zaratite, 

Opal, 

'Aluminite, 

Psilomelane, 

Hydrozincite, 

Chrysocolla, 

Turquois, 

Wad, 

Minium. 

Chlorastrolite, 

Limonite, 

Remingtonite, 

. 

_  _    jj 

CLASSIFICATION  OF    THE  SPECIES 


ACCORDING     TO 


HAKDNESS 


H.  <  1 

H.=l*5=2 

Pyrargyrite, 

H.=2'5—  3*5 

Carbonic  Acid, 
Mercury, 
Molvbdite, 
Sassolite, 
Water. 

Alunogen, 
Gypsum, 
Mirabilite, 
Orpiment, 
Realgar, 
Sal-Ammoniac, 

Pyrolusite, 
Senarmontite, 
Stephanite, 
Tellurium, 
Thenardite, 
Torbernite. 

Barite, 

Calcite. 

H.=2-7—  2-9 

Biotite. 

H.=0-5—  6 

Soda-Nitre, 

"War! 

Tetradymite, 

H.=:2       3 

H.=r2*7  —  3 

vv  aa. 

Vivianite. 

Chrysocolla, 

Anglesite. 

H.=l—  1'5 

H.^1'5—  2-5 

Kalinite, 
Lepidolite, 

Wulfenite. 

Cerargyrite, 
Embolite, 

Erythrite. 

Minium, 
Polybasite.           • 

H.  =2*75—3 

Stolzite. 

lodyrite, 

H.—  2 

Kermesite, 
Molybdenite, 
Natron, 
Talc. 

Melanterite, 

Nitre, 
Stibnite. 

Chalcanthite, 
Crvolite, 
Halite, 

Bornite, 
Olivenite, 

H.=l—  2 

II.=2—  2-25 

Muscovite. 
Pharmacosiderite, 

Serpentine. 

Aluminite, 

Epsomite. 

Sepiolite. 

H.nr  3—3-2 

Arseniosiderite, 
Bromyrite, 
Calomel, 

H.=2—  2'5 

Aikinite, 

H.=2-5—  2-7 

Galenite. 

Zaratite. 

Q          «>.*5 
.:=  <f  <>    t> 

Graphite. 
H.=l—  2-5 

Argentite, 
Autunite. 
Bismuth, 
Bismuthinite, 

II.  =2*5—  3 

Annabergite, 

Amalgam, 
Anhydrite. 
Antimony, 

Sulphur. 

Borax, 

Bournonite, 

Aphthitalite, 

Cinnabar, 

Chalcocite, 

Atacamite. 

H.=1'5 

Goslarite, 

Clausthalite, 

Celestite, 

Hydrozincite, 

Copper, 

Cerussite, 

Arsenolite, 

Liroconite, 

Crocoite, 

Millerite. 

Brucite, 

Mascagnite, 

Glauberite, 

Copiapite. 

Pharmacolite, 

Gold, 

H.=3—  4-5 

Ice, 

Prochlorite, 

Silver, 

Lead. 

Proustite, 

Yalentinite. 

Tetrahedrite. 

8 

DETEKMINATIVE   MINEKALOGY. 


H.=4—  4-5 

Hf           £»fS 
•  —  —  €}  —  \p  £> 

Iridosmine, 

Wavellite. 

Chabazite, 

Hematite. 

Prehnite. 

II.  =  0"e> 

Platinum, 

M.=3*5 

Zincite. 

H.=5*D 

Epidote, 

Analcite, 

Yesuvianite. 

Arsenic, 

H.=4—  5 

Chromite, 

1¥  —  fi'1     7 

Laumontite, 
Mirnetite. 

Pectolite. 

Cobaltite, 
Datolite, 

Chrysolite, 

H«j.^     *t»*y 
,  —  «*  «f  —  «s  • 

H.=4-5 

Lapis  Lazuli, 
Limiceite, 

Diaspore, 
Garnet, 

Uraninite, 

Spodumeiie. 

Witherite. 

Iron, 
Harmotome. 

Willemite. 

H.=7 

Alabandite, 
Alunite, 
Aragonite, 
Brochantite, 
Chalcopyrite, 
Cuprite, 
Dolomite, 

H.=4-5—  5 

Apatite, 
Apophyllite, 
Scheelite, 
Wollastonite. 

Arsenopyrite, 
Brookite, 
Chlorastrolite, 
Haiiynite, 
Leucite, 
Magnetite, 
Nephelite, 
Octahedrite, 

Boracite, 
Quartz. 

H.=7—  7'5 

lolite, 
Staurolite, 
Tourmaline. 

H.=7-5 

Heularidite, 
Malachite, 
Pyromorphite, 
Scorodite, 
Sphalerite, 
Stilbite, 

Calamine, 
Chrornite, 
Dioptase, 
Franklinite, 
Smithsonite. 

Smaltite. 
H.=5*5—  6*5 

Opal, 
Rhodonite. 

Andalusite, 

Euclase, 
Zircon. 

Strontianite, 
Tennantite. 

H.=5—  5-5 

Anorthite, 

Beryl, 
Phenacite. 

G-oethite, 

Columbite, 

H.--3%*—  4*2 

Hausmannite, 

Labradorite, 

H.=» 

Leucopyrite, 

Oligoclase, 

Spinel, 

Azurite. 

Limonite, 
ISTatrolite, 
Niccolite, 

Orthoclase, 
Turquois. 

Topaz. 

Magnesite, 
Pyrrhotite, 

Titanite, 
Triplite, 
Ullmannite, 

H.=6—  6'5 

Albite, 

Chrysoberyl. 

Rhodochrosite, 

Wolframite. 

Braunite, 

H.=9 

Siderite. 

Chondrodite, 

Corundum. 

H.=5—  6 

Marcasite, 

H  —  4 

Petalite, 

WW     |A 

Barytocalcite, 

Amphibole, 
Cyanite, 

Pyrite, 
Rutile. 

Diamond. 

Fluorite, 
Libethenite, 

Menaccanite, 
Psilomelane, 

H.-6-7 

H.  undetermined. 

Manganite, 
Stannite. 

Pyroxene, 
Wernerite. 

Cassiterite, 
•  Fibrolite, 

Bieberite, 
Remingtonite. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES 

ACCORDING  TO 

SPECIFIC     GRAVITY. 

15  , 

>  1-1 

1.—  1.5 

1.6-2 

2.—  2.5 

2.5—3 

Sepiolite,    - 

<1 

1.6 

Natron, 

1.4 

Mirablite,   - 

1.4-1.48 

Sassolite, 

1.48 

Sal  Ammoniac,  - 

1.5 

Orpiment,                              

1.5  2 

Alunogen,  -                           .... 

1.6-1.8 

Aluminite.     -        -        - 

.... 

1.66 

Aplithitalite, 

.... 

.... 

1.7 

Borax,   - 

.... 

.... 

1.7 

Epsomite,  - 

.... 

1.7 

Mascagnite,    - 

1.7 

Kalinite, 

1.75 

Melauterite,  - 

.... 

1.8 

Nitre, 

.... 

1.9 

Goslarite, 

.... 

1.9 

2.1 

Opal,  - 

.... 

1.9            2.3 

Chrvsocolla,  - 

2—1—2.2 

Stilbite,       - 

.  .  .  . 

'.'.  '.  '. 

2—1—2.2 

Soda-Nitre,    -        -     •  - 

.... 

2—1—2.29 

Sulphur, 

.... 

2.07 

Graphite. 

.... 

2.09-2.29 

Heulandite, 

2.1-2.2 

Halite,    .... 

.... 

.... 

m 

2.1-2.5 

Copiapite,  - 
Natrolite, 



.... 

2.14 
2.17-2.25 

Chalcanthite, 

.... 

.... 

2.2 

Laumontite,  - 

2.25-2.36 

Gypsum,    - 
Wavellite,      - 







2.3 
2.31 

TSrucite. 

.... 

.... 

2.35-2.44 

Apophyllite,  - 
Lapis  Lazuli, 



2.35-2.39 
2.38-2.45 

Haiiynite, 

.... 

.... 

2.4-2.5 

Leucite, 

.... 

2.4-2.56 

Petal  ite. 

2.42-2.5 

Harmoionie, 

2.44-2.45 

Orthoclase,    - 

2  44  '  2  62 

Pliarmar-o^iderite, 

~2.5 

Nephelite, 

::::       .-..  |-    3.5- 

—2.6 

DETERMINATIVE    MINERALOGY. 


XI 


15 

<1-1        1.—  1.5           L6-2         2.—  2.5          2.5—3 

Serpentine,     - 

2.5  2.65 

Quartz, 

2.5  2.7 

Thenardite,    - 

2.5—2.7 

Calcite, 

2.5  2.77 

lolite,     .... 

2.56-2.65 

Zaratite, 

....       2.57-2.69 

Yivianite, 

2.58-2.68 

Alunite, 

2.58-2.75 

Albite, 

....       2.59-2.64 

Beryl, 

2.6-2.7 

Oligoclase,     - 

2.6-2.7 

Pharmacolite,    - 

2.6-2.7 

Talc,      ---- 

2.6-2.8 

Turquoise, 

2.6-2.8 

Wernerite, 

2.6-2.8 

Glauberite, 

....       2.64-2.85 

Anorthite, 

....       2.66-2.78 

2.5—3 

3—3.5 

3.5—4 

4—4.5 

Labradorite, 

2.67-2.76 

Pcctolite,  - 

2.7-2.8 

Wollaetonite, 

2.7-2.9 

Biotite,     - 

2.7  

3.1 

Prochlorite, 

2.78-2,96 

—  i     L^^ 

Dolonite,  - 

2.8-2.9 

^x^^-r^C" 

Prehnite, 

2.8-2.95 

/XV*'*' 

Datolite,   - 

2.8-3 

TTvy 

Lepodolite,  - 

2.8-3 

•^  JT  V 

T7  - 

Mau'iiesite, 

2.8-3 

v  y*y 

Muscovite,   - 

2.8  

3.1 

\c»^>     c 

Liroconite, 
Anhydrite,  - 

2.88-2.89 
2.89-2.95 

Ammonite, 

2.9 

Cryolite, 

2.9-3 

Tourmaline, 

2.9  

3.3 

Amphibole, 

2  9  

3.4 

Apatite,     - 

2.92  

3.25 

Erythrito,     - 

2.95 

Phenacite, 

2.96-3 

Boracite, 

2.97 

Annabergite,     - 

3  

3.1 

Euclase, 

3  

3.1 

All*   1  1  i  1  1* 

Q 

4.2 

Wad,    - 

a 

i  6 

Autunite, 

3  05-3  19 

Fluorite, 

3.1 

Andalusite, 

3.1-3.2 

Spodumene, 

3.1-3.2 

Cliondrodite,    - 

3.1-3.24 

Enstatite,      - 

3.1-3.3 

I 

ill 


DETERMINATIVE    MINERALOGY. 


2.5—3 

3—3.5 

3.5—4 

4—4.5 

Scorodite, 

3.1-3  3 

Garnet             - 

3  15 

4  3 

Calamine 

3  16  •- 

3  9 

Fibrolite 

3  2-3  3 

Pyroxene, 

3  2-3  5 

Dioptase       - 

3  27-3  34 

Vesuvianite 

3  3-3  4 

Clirvsolite    - 

o  3-3  5 

Diaspore 

3.3-3  5 

Epidotc        - 

3  ° 

A 

Hypersthene 

3  39 

Realgar, 
Rhodonite 



3.4  
3.4  

3.6 
3.6 

Torbernite,  - 
Titanite    - 

3.4  
3  4  

3.6 
3  6 

Topaz 

34  

3  65 

Rhodochrosite 

3  4 

3  7 

Staurolite,    - 

3.4  

3.8 

Triplite    - 

3  4  

38 

Cyanite        - 

3  15 

3  7 

Arsenosiderite 

3.5 

Azurite         ... 

3  5  

3  8 

- 

3.5-4 

4—4.5 

4.5-5 

5-5.5 

Chrysoberyl, 
Spinel. 
Diamond,     - 
Hydrozincite,  - 
Strontiauite, 
Libethenite, 
Limonite, 
Baiytocalcite,  - 
Arsenolite,    • 
Siderite,    - 
Malachite,    - 

3.5-3.84 
3.5  
3.529 
3.58-3.8 
3.6-3.7 
3.6-3.8 
3.6—4 
3.63-3.66 
3.69 
3.7-3.9 
•3.7—4 
3  7 

4.1 

4  7 

Atacamite,   - 
Brochantite, 
Octahedrite, 
Willemite 

3.76-3.89 
3.8-3.9 
3.82-3.95 
3  89 

4  18 

Celestite, 
Alabandite, 

3.9-3.97 
3.9  4 

Q   Q 

4-  1ft 

Sphalerite, 
Goethite 

3.9  

4.2 
4-44 

Smithsonite, 

4-4.4 

Chabazite     - 

4  

—5 

DETERMINATIVE    MINERALOGY. 


Xlll 


Zircon, 
Brook  ite, 
liutile, 
Clmk-opyrite, 
Olivenite, 
Witherite,    - 
3Ianu-anite, 
S  tan  n  ite, 
Chromite, 
Barite, 
Tennautite, 
Enarg'ite, 
Pyrrhotite, 
Molybdenite, 
Born  ite,    - 
Molybdite,    - 
Kermesite, 
.Memuvanite, 
Tetrahedrite,    - 

3.5-4 

4—4.5               4.5-5 

5-5.5 

4  

4.03-4.23 
4.18-4.25 
4.1-4.3 
4.1-4.4 
4.2-4.3 
4.2-4.4 
4.3-4.5 
4.3-4.56 

4.37  
4.4 
4.4  
4.4  
1  1 

4.75 

4.7 
4.53 

4.7 
4.8 

5.5 

5.1 
5.3 

5.65 

5 
5.2 

4.5 
4.5  
4  5 

4.6 
5 

±.^» 

A   f: 



Stibnite,    - 
Minium, 
Millerite,  - 
Marcasite,     - 
Hausmaunite 
Braunite, 
PjTolusite, 
Linnreite, 
Pyrite,      - 

Magnetite, 
Franklinite, 

Analcite, 
Senarmontite,    - 
Embolite, 
Zincite,     -     -     - 

5-5.5 

4.51 
4.6 

4.'  67 

4.7 
4.75-4.8 
4.8 

0.5-6        6-6.5         6.5-7         7-7.5        7.5-8         8— 

4.9 
5 
5 
5.2-5.3 

5.4  

K    A 

5.8 

5.7 

5.56 

5.7 
5.8 
5.56 
5.7-5.9 
5.7-5.9 
5.8-6 
5.8-6 
5.9—6.1 
5.93 

Proustite,       -     - 
(Vrarsryrite,    - 
i  Tody  rite,   -    -     - 
Chalcosite, 
!  Valentiuite,  -     - 
Bournonite,    - 
Pyrari^yrite, 
Bromyrite, 
Cuprite,     -    -    - 
Crocoite,    -    - 
Arsenic,    -     -     - 

5.42  — 
5.5 
5.5— 
5.5— 



-XIV 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Scheelite,  -    - 
Cobaltite, 
Arsenopyrite, 
Wulfenite,     -    - 
Tellurium,      - 
Aikehite,  -    -    - 
Anglesite,  -    - 
Polybasite,    -    - 
Ullmannite,    - 
Leucopyrite, 
Stephanite, 
Cassilenite,    -     - 
Bismuthinite, 
Smaltite,  - 
Urrtninitj,  -    - 
Cerussite,      -    - 
Pyromorphite, 
Antimony,     -    - 
Vanadanite,    - 
Mimetite,       -    - 
Wolframite,  - 
Argentite,      -    - 
Galenite,    -     - 
Tetradymite, 
Niccolite,  -    - 
Iron,     -     -    -    - 
Clausthalite.  - 
Stoltzite,  -    -    - 
Sylvanite,      -    • 
Hessite,      -    - 
Copper,     -    -    - 
Cinnabar,  -     - 
Bismuth,  -    -    - 
Silver,  -    -    - 
Lead,    -    -    -    - 
Mercury,    -    - 

5-5.5 

5.5-6 

6.6-5 

6.5-7 

7-7.5 

7.5-8 

8— 

6 
6-6.3 
6-6.4 
6  03 

7.01 

7.4 

7.1 
7.2 

7.2 

8 

7.55 

—7.7 
—7.9 
7.67 
—7.8 
7.6— 
7.87— 
7.99— 

8.8 
8.13 
8.33 
8.3-8.6 
8.83 
8.99 
9.7 
10.1-11.1 
11.44 
13.56 
1:).  75-14 
15  6  19  5 

6.1-6.3 
6.1-6.8 
6.12-6.39 
6.2 
6.2-6.5 
6  2 

6.26 
6.4— 
6.4— 
6  4 

6*4 

6.46-6.48 

6.5— 
6.65-6.72 
6.66— 

7.1 

7.23 

7-7.25 
y  i  

7.19-7.J-JC 
7.2- 
7.2— 
7.3— 
7.3— 

1 

i 

Amalgam,     -    - 
Gold,     -    -    - 
Platinum,      -    - 
Iridosmine,    - 

16-19 
19.3-21.1 

. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

SYSTEMATIC    ARRANGEMENT. 

Hydrogen. 

Phenacite  Group. 

III.  Subsilicates. 

Stilbite, 

Water.          page  '. 

Willemite, 

Chondrodite, 

Heulandite. 

Sulphur. 

Phenacite,         p.  * 

}  Tourmaline, 

MARGAROPHYLLITK 

Sulphur. 

Garnet  Group. 

Andalusite, 
Fibrolite, 

SECTION. 

I.  Bisilicates. 

Tellurium. 

Garnet. 

Cyanite, 

Talc,  Group. 

Tellurium. 

Vesuvianite   Group 

Topaz, 

Talc. 

Carbon. 

Zircon, 

Euclase, 

Sepiolite  Group. 

Diamond, 

Vesuvianite. 

Datolite, 

Sepiolite. 

Graphite, 

Epidote  Group. 

Titanite,             p.  fi 

II.  Unisilicates. 

Carbonic  Acid. 

Epidote. 

Staurolite. 

Serpentine  Group. 

Boron. 

Sassolite. 

Mite  Group. 
lolite. 

HYDROUS  SILICATES 

I.  Bisilicates. 

Serpentine.        p.  8 
III.  Subsilicates. 

Silicon. 

Pectolite  Group. 

Chlorite  Group. 

Oxygen  Compounds 

Mica  Group. 

TJ*          J.*  A. 

Pectolite, 

Prochlorite. 

Quartz, 
Opal. 

SILICATES. 

ANHYDROUS  SILI- 

Biotite, 
Muscovite, 
Lepidolite. 

Scapolite  Group. 

Laumontite. 
Dioptase  Group. 
Dioptase, 
Chrysocolla. 

Potas§ium. 

Nitre, 
Aphthitalite. 
Sodium. 

CATES. 

Wernerite,         p.  4 

II.  Unisilicates. 

Soda  Nitre, 

I.  Bisilicates. 

Nephelite  Group. 

Calamine  Group. 

Thenardite, 

Ampliibole  Group. 

Nephelite. 

Calamine, 

Glauberite, 

Wollastonite,    p.  2 

Prehnite, 

Mirabilite, 

Pyroxene, 

Leucite  Group. 

Chlorastrolite. 

Halite, 

Rhodonite, 
Spodumene, 
Petalite, 

Lapis  Lazuli, 
Hauynite, 
Leucite. 

Apophyllite  Group. 
Apophyllite.      p.  7 

ZEOLITE  SECTION. 

Borax,               p.  9 
Natron. 
Ammonium. 

Ampliibole. 

Feldspar  Group. 

I.    Unisilicates. 

Mascagnite, 

Beryl  Group. 

Anorthite, 

Natrolite. 

Sal  Ammoniac. 

Beryl. 

Labradorite, 

II.   Bisilicates. 

Barium. 

II.  Unisilicates. 

Oligoclase, 

Analcite, 

Barite, 

Chrysolite  Group. 

Albite, 

Chabazite, 

Witherite, 

Chrysolite. 

Orthoclase,        p.  5i  Harmotome, 

Barytocalcite. 

xvi 


DETERMINATIVE   MINERALOGY. 


Strontium. 

Leucopyrite,    p.  ~L< 

Titanium. 

Copper. 

Celestite, 

Arsenopyrite, 

Rutile, 

Copper, 

Strontianite. 

Scorodite, 

Octahedrite, 

Cuprite, 

Calcium. 

Pharmacosiderite, 

Brookite. 

Chalcocite, 

Anhydrite,      p.  10 
Gypsum, 
Fluorite, 
Apatite, 
Pharmacolite, 
Aragonite, 
Calcite, 

Arseniosiderite, 
Siderite, 
Menaccanite, 
Chromite, 
Columbite, 
Wolframite,     p.  15 

Manganese. 

Lead. 

Lead, 
Minium, 
Galenite, 
Bournonite, 
Anglesite, 
Clausthalite, 

Bornite,           p.  22 
Chalcopyrite, 
Tennantite, 
Tetrahedrite, 
Chalcanthite, 
Brochantite, 
Atacaniite, 

Dolomite, 
Scheelite. 

Braunite, 
Hausmannite, 

Pyromorphite,  p.19 
Mimetite 

Libethenite, 
Olivenite, 

Magnesium. 

Pyrolusite, 

Cerussite, 

Liroconite,      p.  23 

Brucite,           p.  11 

Manganite, 

Crocoite, 

Malachite, 

Epsomite, 

Psilomelane, 

Stolzite, 

Azurite. 

Boracite, 

Wad, 

Wulfenite. 

Magnesite, 

Alabandite, 

Mercury. 

Spinel. 

Triplite, 

Bismuth. 

Mercury, 

Aluminium. 

Rhodochrosite,p.l6 

Bismuth, 

Cinnabar, 

Corundum, 

Cobalt. 

Bismuthinite, 

Calomel. 

Diaspore, 
Aluminite, 

Limiseite, 
Bieberite, 

Aikinite, 
Tetradymite,  p.  20 

Silver. 

Alunogen, 

Smaltite, 

Arsenic. 

Silver, 

Alunite,           p.  12 

Cobaltite, 

Arsenic, 

Amalgam, 

Kalinite, 

Erythrite, 

Arsenolite, 

Argentite, 

Cryolite, 

Remingtonite, 

Realgar, 

Proustite, 

Turquois, 
Wavellite, 
Chrysoberyl. 
Iron. 

Iron, 
Magnetite, 
Franklinite, 

Nickel. 

Millerite, 
Niccolite, 
Ullmannite,     p.  17 
Annabergite, 
Zaratite. 

Orpiment. 
Antimony. 

Antimony, 
Senarmontite, 
Valentinite, 
Stibnite, 

Stephanite,      p.  24 
Pyrargyrite, 
Polybasite, 
Cerargyrite, 
Bromyrite, 
Embolite, 
lodyrite. 

Hematite,        p.  13 

Zinc. 

Kermesite.       p.  21 

•)                j-f      j.  u 

Goethite, 

Zincite, 

Uranium. 

Oold. 

Limonite, 

Sphalerite, 

Uraninite, 

Gold. 

Pyrrhotite, 
Pyrite, 
Marcasite, 

Goslarite, 
Smitlisonite, 
Hydrozincite. 

Aucunite, 
Torbernite. 

Platinum. 

Platinum. 

Melanterite, 

Tin. 

Molybdenum. 

Copiapite, 

Cassiterite, 

Molybdite, 

Iridium. 

Vivianite, 

Stannite.          p.  18 

Molybdenite. 

Iridosmine. 

APPENDIX.—  Vanadinite,  Enargite,  Hessite,  Sylvanite. 

xvii 


SYSTEMS  OF  CRYSTALLIZATION. 


NO. 


SIMPLE    FORMS. 


Octahedron,  or  cube. 

Tetragonal  pyramid,  or  right  prism  with 
a  squar^  base. 

Rhombic  pyramid,  or  right  prism  with  a 
rhombic  base. 

Monoclinic  pyramid,  or  inclined  rhombic 
prism. 

Triclinic  pyramid,  or   doubly   inclined 
rhomboidal  prism. 

Hexagonal  pyramid,  hexagonal    prism, 
or  rhombohedron. 


AXES. 


3  axes  rectangular  and  equal. 

3  axes  rectangular,  2  equal. 

3  axes  rectangular,  and  unequal. 

3  axes  unequal,  2  rectangular. 

3  axes  unequal,  and  unequally  inclined. 

.4  axes,  3  equal  and  equally  inclined,  1 
at  right  angles  to  the  other  three. 


NAMES  USED  BY  DIFFERENT  AUTHORS. 


NO. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
G 


Tessular. 

Pyramidal. 

Orthotype. 


Hemior- 
thotype. 

Anortho- 
type. 

Rhombo- 
hedral. 


WEISS  & 
ROSE. 


Regular. 


2  and  1 

axial. 


1  and  1 
axial. 


2  &  1  mem- 
berecl. 


1  &  1  mem- 
bered. 


3  and  1 
axial. 


PHILLIPS. 


Cubic. 


Pyramidal. 


Prismatic. 


Oblique. 


Anorthic. 


Rhombo- 
hedral. 


NAU3IANN. 


Tesseral. 


Tetragon- 
al. 


Rhombic. 


Monoclino- 
heclric. 

Triclino- 
heclric. 

Hexagonal. 


DELAFOSSE. 


Cubic. 


Tetragon- 


Ortho- 
rhombic. 

Clino- 
rhombic. 

Clino- 
hedric. 

Hexagonal. 


DANA. 

1854. 


Monomet- 
ric. 

Dimetric. 
Trimetric. 

Monoclin- 
ic. 

Triclinic. 
Hexagonal. 


DANA. 


Isometric. 
Tetragonal. 

Orthorhomb- 
ic. 

Monoclinic. 

Triclinic. 

Hexagonal. 


SCALE  OF  HARDNESS. 


1. — Talc.     Laminated  light  green  variety.     Easily  scratched  by  the  nail. 

2. — Gypsum.     Crystallized  variety.     Not  easily  scratched  by  the  nail.     Does  not  scratch 

a  copper  coin. 

3. — Calcite.     Transparent  variety.     Scratches  and  is  scratched  by  a  copper  coin. 
4. — Fluor.    Crystalline  variety.    Not  scratched  by  a  copper  coin.     Does  not  scratch  glass. 
5. — Apatite.    Transparent  variety.    Scratches  glass  with  difficulty.     Easily  scratched  by 

the  knife. 

5.5.-Scapolite.     Crystalline  variety. 
6. — Orthoclase.    White  cleavable  variety.    Scratches  glass  easily.     Not  easily  scratched 

by  the  knife. 

7. — Quartz.    Transparent  varietv.    Not  scratched  by  the  knife.    Yields  with  difficulty  to 
the  file. 

8. — Topaz.     Transparent  variety.     Harder  than  flint. 
9. — Sapphire.    Cleavable  varieties.     Harder  than  flint. 
10. — Diamond.     Harder  than  flint. 


xviii 


SCALE  OF  FUSIBILITY. 


YON  KOBEL'S  SCALE  OF  FUSIBILITY. 


Stibnite. 
Natrolite. 

Almandite. 
Garnet. 

Actinolite. 

Orthoclase. 

Bronzite. 


Fusible  in  coarse  splinters  in  the  flame  of  a  candle. 

Fusible   in  thin    splinters    in    the    flame  of  a  candle  ;    easily 
fused  in  coarse  fragments  before  the  blowpipe. 

Infusible   in  the  flame   of  a   candle,    fusible    in  coarse   frag- 
ments before  the  blowpipe. 

Fusible  in  thin  splinters  before  the  blowpipe. 

Fusible  with  difficulty  in  thin  splinters. 

Only  rounded  on  the  edges  in  very  fine  splinters. 


DBTEEMINATIVE    MINEEALOGY. 


s  ^ 

oa 

^ 

03. 

SH 

Blowpipe  Characters 

Becomes  liquid  at  0" 
boils  at  100°. 

"When  pure  volatilize 
without  residue,  givii 
off  sulphurous  acid. 

On  charcoal  burns  wi 
green  flame;  volatiliz 
leaving  a  white  ring 
with  a  red  border. 

Burns  without  residi 
before  the  oxyhydrogc 
blowpipe. 

Infusible.  Burns  slow 
in  0.  F. 

Fuses  in  the  flame  of 
candle. 

Infusible,  Soluble  in 
Carbonate  of  Soda. 

Infusible.  Gives  of 
water  and  becomes 
opaque. 

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DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Blowpipe  Characters. 

Phosphorescent  when 
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Swells  with  Soda  ia  ex- 
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Colors  an 
Physical 
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Parallel  tothe 
Rhombic  Do- 
decahedron. 


Parallel  to  th 
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Prim 
Fo 


Name  of  t 
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Is 

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Prism. 


Kephelite 


Rhombic  Do- 
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Rhombic  Do- 
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Hauyn 


Anorthite, 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


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Dichroic. 

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Colorless, 
white,  blue, 
green,  gray, 
black. 

Colorless, 
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Pyroelectric. 

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Colors  and 
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Silver  white. 

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Fusible.  Reactio 
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ll 

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Colors  and 
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Dark  brown- 
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Sometimes 
slightly  mag- 
netic. 

c    . 

Brownish 
black. 

III 

Ir 

Ju 

II- 

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Iron  black. 
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i 

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Dark  reddish 
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Dark  brown- 
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Chestnut 
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i 

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Reddish 
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Brownish 
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it 

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Blowpipe  Characters. 

Decrepitates,  changes 
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Reaction  for  Mn.  . 

Gives  off  sulphur  and 
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1  Loses  water  and  at  a  high 
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fa      a 

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Action  of 
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vescence. 

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INDEX. 

0 

Page 
AiMnite,            19 

Page 
Beryl,                  2 

Chrysoberyl,     12 

Pago 
Galenite,           18 

Alabandite,       15 

Bieberite,          16 

Chrysocolla,       6 

Garnet,               3 

Albite,                 4 

Biotite,               3 

Chrysolite,          2 

Glauberite,         8 

Aluminite,         11 

Bismuth,           19 

Cinnabar,          23 

Gold,             '    24 

Alunite,             12 

Bismuthinite,    19 

Clausthalite,     18 

Goslarite,          17 

Alunogen,         11 

Boracite,           11 

Cobaltite,          16 

Goethite,           13 

Amalgam,         23 

Borax,                9 

Columbite,        14 

Graphite,            1 

Amphibole,         2 

Bornite,             22 

Copiapite,         13 

Gypsum,           10 

Analcite,              7 

Bournonite,      18 

Copper,             21 

Andalusite,         5 

Braunite,           15 

Corundum,       11 

Halite,                8 

Anglesite,          18 

Brochantite,     22 

Crocoite,           19 

Harmotome,       7 

Anhydrite,         10 

Bromyrite,        24 

Cryolite,            12 

Hausmannite,   15 

Annabergite,     17 

Brookite,           18 

Cuprite,            21 

Hauynite,           4 

Anorthite,           4 

Brucite,             11 

Cyanite,              5 

Hematite,          13 
Hessito,              25 

Antimony,         20 
Apatite,             10 
Aphthitalite,       8 
Apophyllite,        7 
Aragonite,         10 
Argentite,         23 
Arsenic,             20 
Arseniosiderite,  14 
Arsenolite,        20 
Arsenopyrite,    14 
Atacamite,        22 
Autunite,           21 

Calamine,           6 
Calcite,             10 
Calomel,  '        23 
Carbonic  Acid,  1 
Cassiterite,        17 
Celestite,            9 
Cerargyrite,      24 
Cerussite,          19 
Chabazite,          7 
Chalcanthite,    22 
Chalcocite,        21 

Datolite,             5 
Diamond,           1 
Diaspore,          11 
Dioptase,            6 
Dolomite,          10 

Embolite,          24 
Enargite,            25 
Epidote,              3 
Epsomite,         11 
Erythrite,         16 
Euclase,             5 

Heulandite,         7 
Hydrozincite,    17 
lodyrite,           24 
lolite,                  3 
Iridosmine,       24 
Iron,                 12 

Kalinite,           12 
Kermesite,        21 

Labradorite,       4 
Lapis  Lazuli,      4 

Azurite,             23 

Chalcopyrite,    22 

Laumontite,        6 

Chlorastrolite,    6 

Fibrolite,            5 

Lead,                18 

Barite,                 9 

Chondrodite,      5 

Fluorite,           10 

Lepidolite,          3 

Barytocalcite,     9 

Chromite,         14 

Franklinite,      12 

Leucite,              4 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


2T 


Leucopyrite,     14 

Page 
Oligoclase, 

Page 
Rhodonite, 

Page 
Tetradymite,    20 

Libethenite,      22 

Olivenite,  22 

Rutile,               18 

Tetrahedrite,    23 

Limonite,          13 
Linnaeite,          16 
Liroconite,        23 

Magnesite,        11 
Magnetite,        12 

Opal,  1 
Orpiment,  20 
Orthoclase,  5 

Pectolite,  6 
Petalite,  2 

Sal-Ammoniac,  9 
Sassolite,            1 
Scheelite,          10 
Scorodite,         14 
Senarmontite,  20 

Thenardite,        8 
Titanite,             6 
Topaz,                5 
Torbernite,       21 
Tourmaline,       5 
Triplite,            15 

Malachite,         23 
Manganite,        15 

Pharmacolite,  10 
Pharmacoside- 

Sepiolite,            7 
Serpentine,         8 

Turquois,          12 

Marcasite,         13 

rite,                14 

Siderite,            14 

Ullmannite,      17 

Mascagnite,        9 

Phenacite,  3 

Silver,               23 

Uraninite,         21 

Melanterite,      13 

Platinum,  24 

Smaltite,           16 

Menaccanite,     14 
Mercury.           23 
Millerite,           16 
Mimetite,          19 

Polybasite,  24 
Prehnite,  6 
Prochlorite,  8 
Proustite,  23 

Smithsonite,     17 
Soda-nitre,          8 
Sphalerite,        17 
Spinel,               11 

Valentinite,      20 
Vanadinite,       25 
Vesuvianite,       3 
Vivianite,         13 

Minium,            18 

Psilomelane,  15 

Spodumene,       2 

Wad,                15 

Mirabilite,           8 
Molybdenite,     21 
Molybdite,        21 
Muscovite,          3 

Natrolite,            7 
Natron,              9 

Pyrargyrite,  24 
Pyrite,  13 
Pyrolusite,  15 
Pyroinorphite,  19 
Pyroxene,  2 
Pyrrhotite,  13 

Stannite,           18 
Staurolite,          6 
Stephanite,        24 
Stibnite,    .       20 
Stilbite,              7 
Stolzite,            19 
Strontianite,       9 

Water,                1 
Wavellite,         12 
Wernerite,          4 
Willemite,          2 
Witherite,           9 
Wolframite,      15 
Wollastonite,     2 

Nephelite,          4 

Quartz,  1 

Sulphur,             1 

Wulfenite,        19 

Niccolite,          16 

Sylvanite,         25 

Nitre,                 8 

Realgar,  20 

Talc,                   7 

Zaratite,           17 

Remingtonite,  16 

Tellurium,          1 

Zincite,             17 

Octahedritt,     18 

Rhodochrosite,  16 

Tennantite,       22  !  Zircon,               3 

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